6,054 research outputs found
Weak Value in Wave Function of Detector
A simple formula to read out the weak value from the wave function of the
measuring device after the postselection with the initial Gaussian profile is
proposed. We apply this formula for the weak value to the classical experiment
of the realization of the weak measurement by the optical polarization and
obtain the weak value for any pre- and post-selections. This formula
automatically includes the interference effect which is necessary to yields the
weak value as an outcome of the weak measurement.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, Published in Journal of the Physical Society of
Japa
Realization of a Measurement of a Weak Value
We present the first realization of a measurement of a weak value, a concept recently introduced by Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman (AAV). Our experiment uses a birefringent crystal to separate the two linear-polarization components of a laser beam by a distance small compared to the laser-beam waist. This weak measurement is followed by a strong measurement which translates the centroid of the beam by a distance far larger than the birefringence-induced separation. In addition, we present data corresponding to orthogonal initial and final states, for which the weak value is not defined. This interference effect may have application in the amplification and detection of weak effects
Realization of a Measurement of a Weak Value
We present the first realization of a measurement of a weak value, a concept recently introduced by Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman (AAV). Our experiment uses a birefringent crystal to separate the two linear-polarization components of a laser beam by a distance small compared to the laser-beam waist. This weak measurement is followed by a strong measurement which translates the centroid of the beam by a distance far larger than the birefringence-induced separation. In addition, we present data corresponding to orthogonal initial and final states, for which the weak value is not defined. This interference effect may have application in the amplification and detection of weak effects
The absence of finite-temperature phase transitions in low-dimensional many-body models: a survey and new results
After a brief discussion of the Bogoliubov inequality and possible
generalizations thereof, we present a complete review of results concerning the
Mermin-Wagner theorem for various many-body systems, geometries and order
parameters. We extend the method to cover magnetic phase transitions in the
periodic Anderson Model as well as certain superconducting pairing mechanisms
for Hubbard films. The relevance of the Mermin-Wagner theorem to approximations
in many-body physics is discussed on a conceptual level.Comment: 33 pages; accepted for publication as a Topical Review in Journal of
Physics: Condensed Matte
Weak Values, Quantum Trajectories, and the Stony-Brook Cavity QED experiment
Weak values as introduced by Aharonov, Albert and Vaidman (AAV) are ensemble
average values for the results of weak measurements. They are interesting when
the ensemble is preselected on a particular initial state and postselected on a
particular final measurement result. I show that weak values arise naturally in
quantum optics, as weak measurements occur whenever an open system is monitored
(as by a photodetector). I use quantum trajectory theory to derive a
generalization of AAV's formula to include (a) mixed initial conditions, (b)
nonunitary evolution, (c) a generalized (non-projective) final measurement, and
(d) a non-back-action-evading weak measurement. I apply this theory to the
recent Stony-Brook cavity QED experiment demonstrating wave-particle duality
[G.T. Foster, L.A. Orozco, H.M. Castro-Beltran, and H.J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev.
Lett. {85}, 3149 (2000)]. I show that the ``fractional'' correlation function
measured in that experiment can be recast as a weak value in a form as simple
as that introduced by AAV.Comment: 6 pages, no figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.
Dicluster Stopping in a Degenerate Electron Gas
In this paper we report on our theoretical studies of various aspects of the
correlated stopping power of two point-like ions (a dicluster) moving in close
but variable vicinity of each other in some metallic target materials the
latter being modelled by a degenerate electron gas with appropriate densities.
Within the linear response theory we have made a comprehensive investigation of
correlated stopping power, vicinage function and related quantities for a
diproton cluster in two metallic targets, aluminum and copper, and present
detailed and comparative results for three approximations to the electron gas
dielectric function, namely the plasmon-pole approximation without and with
dispersion as well as with the random phase approximation. The results are also
compared, wherever applicable, with those for an individual projectile.Comment: 29 figures, LaTe
Magneto-optical Trapping of Cadmium
We report the laser-cooling and confinement of Cd atoms in a magneto-optical
trap, and characterize the loading process from the background Cd vapor. The
trapping laser drives the 1S0-1P1 transition at 229 nm in this two-electron
atom and also photoionizes atoms directly from the 1P1 state. This
photoionization overwhelms the other loss mechanisms and allows a direct
measurement of the photoionization cross section, which we measure to be
2(1)x10^(-16)cm^(2) from the 1P1 state. When combined with nearby laser-cooled
and trapped Cd^(+) ions, this apparatus could facilitate studies in ultracold
interactions between atoms and ions.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure
Quadratic electronic response of a two-dimensional electron gas
The electronic response of a two-dimensional (2D) electron system represents
a key quantity in discussing one-electron properties of electrons in
semiconductor heterojunctions, on the surface of liquid helium and in
copper-oxide planes of high-temperature superconductors. We here report an
evaluation of the wave-vector and frequency dependent dynamical quadratic
density-response function of a 2D electron gas (2DEG), within a self-consistent
field approximation. We use this result to find the correction to the
stopping power of a 2DEG for charged particles moving at a fixed distance from
the plane of the 2D sheet, being the projectile charge. We reproduce, in
the high-density limit, previous full nonlinear calculations of the stopping
power of a 2DEG for slow antiprotons, and we go further to calculate the
correction to the stopping power of a 2DEG for a wide range of
projectile velocities. Our results indicate that linear response calculations
are, for all projectile velocities, less reliable in two dimensions than in
three dimensions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Observation of Velocity-Tuned Multiphoton Doppleron Resonances in Laser-Cooled Atoms
An atomic beam of Li was transversely cooled using an intense standing-wave radiation field. A dramatic change in the transverse velocity distribution was observed. Structure in the resulting velocity distribution was found to be due to velocity-tuned multiphoton Doppleron resonances. The force due to seven-photon resonances is clearly resolved in the data. The data are in good agreement with theoretical predictions
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